The Role of Molecular Pathology in Cancer Diagnosis: Emerging Trends and Future Directions

Abstract

Background: Molecular pathology plays a critical role in modern cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Advances in molecular techniques have revolutionized the way cancer is diagnosed, classified, and treated. This article explores the current trends in molecular pathology, focusing on how molecular biomarkers are used to improve cancer diagnosis, predict treatment responses, and monitor disease progression.
Methods: A comprehensive review of studies from 2015 to 2024 is presented, examining the application of molecular pathology in cancer diagnosis, the use of biomarkers in clinical practice, and the potential of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies in personalized cancer treatment.
Results: Molecular pathology has enabled a more precise classification of cancers, leading to more targeted therapies. The use of molecular biomarkers such as KRAS, EGFR, and ALK mutations has improved the prediction of treatment responses, particularly in non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer. Additionally, the incorporation of liquid biopsy techniques allows for non-invasive monitoring of cancer progression.
Conclusion: Molecular pathology is transforming cancer care by providing more accurate diagnoses, enabling personalized treatment approaches, and offering new opportunities for early detection and monitoring. Future advancements in NGS and liquid biopsy technologies are expected to further enhance the role of molecular pathology in cancer management.