HISTOPATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF ENDOCSCOPIC GASTROINTESTINAL BIOPSIES AT A TERTIARY HOSPITAL

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal disorders are among the most prevalent issues in clinical practice, and the final diagnosis is based on histopathological confirmation. Endoscopic biopsies are taken for patient evaluation and are a key component of effective management. The current study is done to analyse the histopathological spectrum of upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopic biopsies

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on the upper GIT endoscopic biopsies and the histopathological assessment was done at the department of pathology in a tertiary centre. Over the course of the study, 100 upper gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies were taken. Histopathological examinations were performed with H&E, Giemsa, and Periodic acid-Schiff stains. Diagnoses were divided into non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions based on WHO recommendations. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 to determine the frequency of neoplastic and non-neoplastic cases.

RESULTS: out of 100 cases most of the patients were in the age group of 51-60 years followed by the age group of 61-70 years. Site wise distribution of endoscopic biopsies was- Oesophagus 17 cases (17%), GE junction 04 cases (4%), Stomach 58 cases (58%), duodenum 21 cases (21%), Among 100 upper gastrointestinal biopsies, 79 (79%) were non-neoplastic and 21 (21%) were neoplastic. Non-neoplastic lesions were predominantly chronic gastritis. Neoplastic lesions were mainly a squamous cell carcinoma in Oesophagus.

CONCLUSION: Biopsy sampling of the upper gastrointestinal mucosa during diagnostic endoscopy yields valuable insights. A common site of GIT endoscopic biopsy in the stomach. Non-neoplastic lesions are more common than neoplastic lesions. The most common non-neoplastic lesion is chronic gastritis, and the most common malignancy is squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus. we can infer that endoscopy is incomplete without biopsy, and the combination of methods provides a powerful diagnostic tool for improved patient management.