Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association with Serum Ferritin Levels Among Pregnant Women in West Bengal: A Case-Control Study

Abstract

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a growing public health concern in India, particularly in urban and semi-urban regions like West Bengal. Elevated serum ferritin, a marker of iron storage and inflammation, has been linked to insulin resistance and may be associated with GDM development. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of GDM and assess the association between serum ferritin levels and GDM among pregnant women in West Bengal. Methods: A case-control study was conducted with 38 pregnant women (19 GDM cases and 19 matched controls without GDM). GDM was diagnosed using the IADPSG criteria. Serum ferritin levels were measured and compared. Demographic variables and risk factors were analyzed using SPSS. Results: The prevalence of GDM in the sample was 50%. Mean serum ferritin was significantly higher in the GDM group (54.3±12.1 ng/mL) compared to controls (32.5±10.8 ng/mL; p<0.01). High BMI, family history of diabetes, and advanced maternal age were prominent risk factors. A positive correlation (r=0.67) between serum ferritin and GDM was observed. Conclusion: Elevated serum ferritin levels are significantly associated with GDM, suggesting a potential role in screening and early diagnosis. Targeted screening and preventive strategies should be emphasized for high-risk women.