A study on Prevalence of Aplastic Anaemia and its Risk Factors and its Medical Management in a Tertiary Care Hospital of West Bengal: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Aplastic anemia (AA) is a rare but life-threatening hematologic disorder characterized by pancytopenia and bone marrow hypoplasia. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and management strategies of AA in a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 72 patients diagnosed with AA. Data on demographics, risk factors, and treatment modalities were collected and analysed using chi-square tests and odds ratios (OR). Results: The prevalence of AA was 8.2 per 100,000 admissions. Key risk factors included pesticide exposure (OR=4.3, p<0.001), viral infections (OR=3.1, p=0.02), and drug toxicity (OR=2.8, p=0.04). Management included immunosuppressive therapy (IST) (58.3%) and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) (12.5%). Conclusion: Pesticide exposure and viral infections are significant risk factors for AA. Early diagnosis and access to BMT/IST improve outcomes.