A Study on Cataract and Its Risk Factors in West Bengal and Its Association with Diabetes: Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Abstract

Background: Cataract remains one of the leading causes of preventable blindness in India. Various risk factors including aging, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking have been implicated in cataract genesis. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of cataract among adults in West Bengal, with a focus on its association with diabetes mellitus. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 64 patients diagnosed with cataract. Demographic and clinical data were collected through structured questionnaires and ophthalmologic examinations. Results: Of the 64 participants, 39.1% were diabetic. Age above 60 years, diabetes mellitus, and prolonged exposure to sunlight were significantly associated with cataract. Conclusion: Diabetes is a significant risk factor for cataract in this population. Early screening and glycaemic control may delay cataract development.