Clinical Correlation of Serum Magnesium Levels with Acute Exacerbations in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Abstract

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major contributor to global
respiratory morbidity and mortality. Acute exacerbations (AECOPD) worsen disease
progression, impair quality of life, and increase healthcare burden. Magnesium, an
essential mineral, plays a key physiological role in neuromuscular activity, including
bronchial smooth muscle relaxation. Recent literature has highlighted a possible
association between hypomagnesemia and increased risk or severity of COPD
exacerbations. This hospital-based observational study included 100 patients aged
over 35 years presenting with AECOPD. Patients were clinically assessed, and serum
magnesium levels were measured using a Beckman Coulter Analyzer. The study
revealed that 27% of patients had serum magnesium levels below 1.0 mg/dL. A
statistically significant correlation was found between lower serum magnesium levels
and increased severity of exacerbations (p < 0.0001). These findings reinforce the
hypothesis that magnesium deficiency may act as a modifiable risk factor in
AECOPD. Regular monitoring and correction of magnesium levels may enhance
clinical outcomes by reducing the frequency and severity of exacerbations. The study
advocates for incorporating serum magnesium assessment into routine evaluation of
COPD patients, especially during acute episodes.