A Cross-sectional Study on Prevalence of Cluster Headache Among General Population in West Bengal and Its Risk Factors

Abstract

Background: Cluster headache is a rare but severely painful primary headache disorder often misdiagnosed in the general population. Despite its debilitating nature, there is limited epidemiological data on its prevalence in India, particularly in West Bengal. Objective: To determine the prevalence of cluster headache among the general population in West Bengal and evaluate associated risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 36 participants from urban and rural regions of West Bengal. Data was collected using structured questionnaires, including diagnostic criteria from the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3). Risk factors such as smoking, alcohol use, sleep patterns, and family history were assessed. Results: Among 36 participants, 5 (13.9%) were diagnosed with cluster headache. The majority of affected individuals were males (80%), smokers (60%), and had poor sleep quality (80%). There was a significant association between smoking and cluster headache prevalence (p<0.05). Conclusion: The study reveals a notable prevalence of cluster headache among the general population in West Bengal, especially among males and individuals with modifiable risk factors such as smoking and sleep disturbances. Increased awareness and early diagnosis can significantly improve quality of life.