A Study on Prevalence of Diarrhoea in Children and Its Risk Factors in West Bengal: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Diarrhoea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five in developing countries. In West Bengal, diarrheal diseases remain a major public health concern, especially in rural and low-income communities. Objective: To assess the prevalence of diarrhoea among children in West Bengal and identify associated risk factors such as sanitation, hygiene, water source, and nutritional status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 32 children aged 6 months to 5 years. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered to caregivers, focusing on diarrheal episodes within the past two weeks and associated environmental and health-related factors. Results: The prevalence of diarrhea was found to be 28.1%. Risk factors significantly associated with diarrhea included poor sanitation, unsafe drinking water, and malnutrition. Children from families with inadequate handwashing practices had higher rates of diarrheal illness. Conclusion: Diarrhea remains prevalent among children in West Bengal, with modifiable risk factors such as hygiene, water safety, and nutrition playing a significant role. Community education and infrastructure improvement are necessary to reduce disease burden.