A Study on Prevalence of Schizophrenia and Its Risk Factors and its Medical Management: Cross-sectional observational study

Abstract

Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder marked by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, language, sense of self, and behaviour. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of schizophrenia in a selected population, identify key risk factors associated with the condition, and assess the current medical management practices. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 28 diagnosed schizophrenia patients. Data on demographics, risk factors, and treatment modalities were analysed. Result: The results indicate a higher prevalence among young adults, with significant associations with genetic predisposition, substance abuse, and urban living. Antipsychotic medications remain the primary mode of treatment. Early diagnosis and continuous medical care are vital for improving outcomes. Conclusion: This study highlights the demographic and risk profiles of schizophrenia in a small clinical population. Key risk factors identified include substance use, family history, and urban living. Medical management primarily involves antipsychotic therapy, which requires consistent adherence and regular follow-up. Increasing awareness, early detection, and community-based psychiatric services are necessary to enhance outcomes in schizophrenia cases.