A Study on the Evaluation of Serum Uric Acid Level in Essential Hypertension and the Relationship between Essential Hypertension and Uric Acid – A Case-Control Study

Abstract

Background: Elevated serum uric acid (SUA) levels have been implicated in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension (HTN). This study aimed to evaluate the association between SUA levels and HTN and assess the relationship between smoking and hypertension. Methods: A case-control study was conducted with 42 participants (21 hypertensive cases and 21 normotensive controls). SUA levels, demographic data (age, gender, occupation, smoking status), and clinical parameters were analysed. Statistical analysis included odds ratio (OR) calculation, t-tests, and chi-square tests. Results: Hypertensive patients had significantly higher SUA levels (6.8 ± 1.2 mg/dL) compared to controls (4.5 ± 1.0 mg/dL) (p < 0.001). The odds ratio for hypertension in individuals with hyperuricemia was 4.2 (95% CI: 1.8–9.6). Smoking was significantly associated with hypertension (OR = 3.5, *p = 0.02*). Conclusion: Elevated SUA levels are strongly associated with essential hypertension. Smoking further increases hypertension risk. Lifestyle modifications and uric acid-lowering therapies may help in hypertension management.