A study on Diabetic Retinopathy and Association of lipid Profile with Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by persistently high blood glucose levels due to the body's inability to produce or effectively use insulin. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood glucose, and in diabetes, either not enough insulin is produced, or the body's cells don't respond properly to the insulin that is produced. This leads to an accumulation of glucose in the bloodstream, which can cause various health complications over time. Aims & Objective: To A study on Diabetic Retinopathy and Association of lipid Profile with Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Materials and Methods: 220 participants were selected for this study and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were segregated into 2 categories: - First category of patients with diabetic retinopathy and second category of patients without diabetic retinopathy. Serum lipid levels of subjects were measured and its association with Diabetic Retinopathy were estimated Results: Prevalence of dyslipidaemia in our study was 76.36 % (168 patients). Mean ± SD of LDL(mg/dL) in diabetic retinopathy was 121.91 ± 42.22 and 107.77 ± 41.31 mg/dl in patients without diabetic retinopathy. Thus, significant association was seen between serum LDL levels and diabetic retinopathy. (p=0.008) Mean ± SD of HDL (mg/dL) in patients with diabetic retinopathy was 38.02 ± 6.43 mg/dl and in patients without diabetic retinopathy was 38.34 ± 8.5 mg/dl with no significant association between them. (p=0.9). Conclusion: Elevated LDL levels are significantly associated with diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes, and this association may be linked to endothelial dysfunction. Additionally, social factors like education status can also play a role in the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy.