Advancements in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: A Comprehensive Review of Current Techniques and Future Directions

Abstract

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) remains one of the most prevalent cancers among men globally. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are essential for effective treatment and improved survival rates. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current diagnostic techniques and therapeutic approaches for prostate cancer, along with emerging strategies in the field.
Methods: This review synthesizes current research on prostate cancer diagnosis, including digital rectal examination (DRE), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), and prostate biopsy. Additionally, the article explores treatment modalities, including surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and novel therapies such as immunotherapy and targeted therapies.
Results: Current diagnostic techniques, while effective, are evolving with the addition of advanced imaging and molecular biomarkers. Regarding treatment, significant progress has been made in targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and personalized medicine.
Conclusion: Advancements in diagnostic imaging and biomarkers are improving the accuracy of prostate cancer detection. Additionally, innovative therapies are providing more personalized and less invasive treatment options. Future research is needed to refine these technologies and improve patient outcomes.