AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF HISTOPATHOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF THYROID LESIONS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Abstract

Introduction: Thyroid gland is afflicted by various pathologies ranging from diffuse
enlargement (goitre) to nodular lesions, thyroiditis, and malignancies. The incidence
of thyroid diseases is increasing in recent years due to goitrogens and changing food
habits The objective of this study is to identify the histopathological pattern of
thyroid and the frequency of non- neoplastic and neoplastic thyroid lesions with
respect to variables like frequency, age, sex distribution and histopathological
patterns
Material and method: An Observational study was conducted in Department of
Pathology at a tertiary care hospital during a period of 3 years. The specimens
included lobectomy, hemi thyroidectomy, subtotal thyroidectomy, near total
thyroidectomy and total thyroidectomy. Sample size of the study was 80 cases
Detailed information regarding age, gender, clinical status, relevant investigation like
fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), thyroid scan, ultrasound reports and
operational findings were obtained from histopathology request forms.
Results: There were 71 female (88.75%) and 9 male (11.25%).Male to female ratio
was 7.8 to 1 .The age of the patients ranged from 6 to 80 years. The cases were
further divided non-neoplastic (48%) and neoplastic(32%).Further neoplastic lesions
were divided into benign, borderline and malignant lesions. Most common nonneoplastic lesion was colloid goiter and neoplastic lesion found was papillary
carcinoma.
Conclusion: Histopathological evaluation of thyroid lesion is challenging as well as
mandatory as diagnosis may vary from non-neoplastic lesions to neoplastic lesions.
Thyroid lesion are most commonly seen the women so screening of the women with
neck swelling can help in early detection. Periodic evaluation of middle aged and
elderly females with colloid goitre for early detection of carcinomatous change.