Efficacy of 5% Benzoyl Peroxide in Mild to Moderate Acne: A Prospective Observational Study

Abstract

Background and Aims: Acne vulgaris is a prevalent dermatological condition that significantly impacts the quality of life. Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is a widely used topical therapy due to its antibacterial and comedolytic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 5% benzoyl peroxide in patients with mild to moderate acne over a 12-week treatment period.
Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Dermatology at Stanley Medical College over nine months. Thirty participants aged 18–40 years with mild to moderate acne (Grade I-II) were enrolled and applied 5% benzoyl peroxide twice daily for 12 weeks. Acne severity was assessed at baseline and follow-up visits using the Indian Acne Alliance (IAA) grading system.
Results: Among 30 participants, 53.3% were female, and 46.7% were male. After 12 weeks, 9 out of 10 patients with Grade 1 acne improved, while 1 was lost to follow-up. Among those with Grade 2 acne, 11 improved, 4 showed no change, and 5 were lost to follow-up.
Conclusion: Topical 5% benzoyl peroxide demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing acne severity, particularly in Grade 1 and Grade 2 cases.