Ocular manifestations of sickle cell anemia in central India’s tribal population

Abstract

Context: Sickle cell disease (SCD), the most prevalent hemoglobinopathy leads to
many vision threatening ophthalmic complications which are frequently overlooked
as compared to systemic issues despite their potential impact on quality of life.
Aims:To determine the prevalence of the ophthalmological manifestations in patients
with sickle cell anemia at a tertiary healthcare centre located in a tribal area.
Materials and methods: A cross- sectional observational study conducted at tertiary
care centre in tribal area. This study involved 182 patients, both genders, aged above
five years. Detailed ophthalmic examinations included visual acuity, pupillary
response, intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior and posterior segment examination.
Statistical analysis used: Chi square test
Results:The study revealed a significant prevalence of ocular manifestations in
sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients. Ocular manifestations were identified in a total of
106 (58.24%) patients out of 182. Ocular manifestations are more prevalent in HbSS
compared to HbAS (P=<0.0001). The highest proportion of patients with ocular
manifestations was observed in the 21-30year age group (80%), followed by the 11-
20 year age group (59%) with no gender predilection. Conjunctival sign (48.90%)
was most common manifestations overall and venous tortuosity (32.96%) was most
common fundus finding.
Conclusions: This study emphasizes the significant burden of ocular manifestations
in SCA patients in tribal areas, stressing the importance of routine eye examination.
Early detection of retinal changes allows for timely interventions, preventing vision
loss and enhancing the quality of life for these patients.