The Role of Nutrition and Vitamin D in Osteoporosis Management: A Review of Bone Health Interventions

Abstract

Background: Osteoporosis, a disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and structural deterioration, is a leading cause of fractures among the elderly. While exercise is a well-established intervention, nutrition, particularly adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, plays an equally critical role in maintaining bone health.
Methods: This review evaluates clinical studies that explore the effects of dietary modifications and vitamin D supplementation on BMD and fracture prevention in osteoporotic populations. Outcomes were primarily assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and fracture incidence data.
Results: Dietary calcium intake and vitamin D supplementation were shown to improve BMD and reduce fracture risk, especially when combined with physical activity and pharmacological treatments.
Conclusion: Ensuring optimal nutrition, particularly through adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, is a cornerstone of osteoporosis management and prevention. Combining nutritional strategies with exercise and medical interventions yields the most significant improvements in bone health